{"id":9393,"date":"2018-04-17T11:33:10","date_gmt":"2018-04-17T16:33:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog-stage.wika.cloudpowered.services\/us\/\/?p=9393"},"modified":"2025-06-03T09:45:10","modified_gmt":"2025-06-03T14:45:10","slug":"water-impurity-sf6-gas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog-stage.wika.cloudpowered.services\/us\/products\/sf6-products\/water-impurity-sf6-gas\/","title":{"rendered":"How Humidity Affects a SF6 Gas-Insulated Switchgear"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Sulfur hexafluoride is the gas most commonly used as insulator in power transmission and distribution switchgear. Water, however, can negatively affect the dielectric capabilities of SF<sub>6\u00a0<\/sub>gas. To prevent operational and safety issues, it is important to measure and monitor humidity levels in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Due to its excellent dielectric capabilities, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/en-us\/power_transmission_and_distribution_sf6.WIKA\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6<\/sub>)<\/a> is the preferred insulator in electrical transmission and distribution equipment. Switchgears insulated with SF<sub>6 <\/sub>gas are tightly sealed. However, over the lifetime of the equipment, impurities may find their way into the gas compartment via hoses, gaskets, and gas handling equipment.<\/p>\n<p>Impurities in the gas can affect its insulation strength and lead to failure. In fact, insulation issues account for 57% of all failures in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS). <a href=\"http:\/\/blog-stage.wika.cloudpowered.services\/us\/\/products\/sf6-products\/humidity-affects-safety-sf6-insulated-equipment\/\">Water hinders the recombination of sulfur and fluoride into sulfur hexafluoride<\/a>. It is the most problematic impurity as H<sub>2<\/sub>O not only decreases insulation, but also creates an acidic atmosphere that promotes corrosion. Corrosion damages equipment and leads to leaks, which pose serious safety hazards to personnel and the environment.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>Humidity in SF<sub>6 <\/sub>Gas<\/h2>\n<p>The SF<sub>6 <\/sub>in the gas compartment can absorb a certain amount of water. When the amount of water exceeds the saturation point of the gas, the excess condensates and forms a water layer (if the gas temperature is above freezing) or sublimates and forms an ice layer (if the gas temperature is below freezing). The amount of water the gas can absorb depends on the temperature of the gas. At fixed conditions, the amount of water molecules going to and from the H<sub>2<\/sub>O layer to the gas is in a dynamic equilibrium. As the gas temperature increases, more water molecules pass to the gas until a new equilibrium is reached.<\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width:846px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog-stage.wika.cloudpowered.services\/us\/\/files\/2018\/04\/screen-shot-2018-04-17-at-10.55.03-am-388x114.png\" alt=\"The Varying Ability of Gases to Absorb Water Molecules\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">(left) A certain gas can absorb 10 molecules of water at 86\u00b0F (30\u00b0C). If at 77\u00b0F (25\u00b0C) it can absorb 7 molecules (center), the remaining 3 molecules will form a water layer at the bottom of the container. Similarly, if at \u22124\u00b0F (\u221220\u00b0C) the gas can absorb only 5 molecules (right), the remaining 5 molecules will form an ice layer on the bottom and sides of the container.<\/p><\/div>\n    \n<h2>\u00a0<\/h2>\n<h2>Measuring Humidity<\/h2>\n<p>For proper insulation and minimum corrosion, it is necessary to monitor the GIS\u2019s humidity level and keep it below the saturation point. There are two common methods for measuring humidity in gases:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Chilled Mirror Technology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width:308px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog-stage.wika.cloudpowered.services\/us\/\/files\/2018\/04\/screen-shot-2018-04-17-at-11.07.13-am.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog-stage.wika.cloudpowered.services\/us\/\/files\/2018\/04\/screen-shot-2018-04-17-at-11.07.13-am-388x284.png\" alt=\"Chilled Mirror Technology to Measure Humidity in Gas\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chilled Mirror Technology to Measure Humidity in Gas<\/p><\/div>\n    \n<p>Some of the SF<sub>6<\/sub> gas in the compartment is routed alongside a mirror to measure the gas\u2019s dew point. The mirror is chilled by a Peltier element until condensation or an ice layer forms. Then an LED light shines on the condensation\/ice layer, with its refraction picked up by a photodetector. This method is simple and works well for a wide range of conditions. On the down side, it is time consuming and more expensive than other measurement technologies.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Capacitive Polymer Sensor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width:308px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog-stage.wika.cloudpowered.services\/us\/\/files\/2018\/04\/screen-shot-2018-04-17-at-11.15.24-am.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog-stage.wika.cloudpowered.services\/us\/\/files\/2018\/04\/screen-shot-2018-04-17-at-11.15.24-am-388x257.png\" alt=\"Capacitive Polymer Sensor to Measure Humidity in Gases\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Capacitive Polymer Sensor to Measure Humidity in Gases<\/p><\/div>\n    \n<p>A polymer sandwiched between two porous metallic electrodes (membranes) is inserted into the gas compartment. The capacitance of the sensor changes as more or fewer water molecules enter the polymer.\u00a0This relatively quick measuring method is valid for all electrochemical sensors. It is also much cheaper than chilled mirror technology.<\/p>\n<p>With the increasing automation and development of power grid, it is becoming the norm to not only monitor humidity levels, but also the general conditions of sulfur hexafluoride. All-in-one devices can measure total gas quality. For example, the baseline measured values of the WIKA <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/en-us\/ga11.WIKA\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Model GA11 analysis instrument<\/a> are purity and humidity (using a capacitive polymer sensor). Additional parameters include temperature, pressure, density, and SF<sub>6<\/sub>\u00a0gas decomposition products. Other units, such as WIKA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/en-us\/gdht_20.WIKA\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">GDHT-20<\/a>, have built-in data storage and processing capabilities that help identify trends and prevent failures.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>WIKA has decades of experience in monitoring SF<sub>6<\/sub> gas. For more information, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/en-us\/contact.WIKA\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">contact WIKA\u2019s experts<\/a> today.<\/p>\n<p>Click <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/media\/Others\/EN-US\/wp005_gpu2000_en_us.pdf\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a> to download the white paper &#8220;GPU-2000: WIKA&#8217;s Optimal Solution for Comprehensive SF<sub>6 <\/sub>Gas Handling&#8221;<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog-stage.wika.cloudpowered.services\/us\/\/files\/2018\/04\/gpu-2000-388x218.png\" alt=\"WIKA\u2019s All-in-One Solution for SF6 Handling\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>[contact-form-7 id=&#8221;14552&#8243; title=&#8221;Blog Contact Form&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sulfur hexafluoride is the gas most commonly used as insulator in power transmission and distribution switchgear. Water, however, can negatively affect the dielectric capabilities of SF6\u00a0gas. To prevent operational and safety issues, it is important to measure and monitor humidity levels in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS). Due to its excellent dielectric capabilities, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":189,"featured_media":9409,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[674],"tags":[155,742,738,739,740,737,984],"class_list":["post-9393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sf6-products","tag-corrosion","tag-electrical-transmission-and-distribution","tag-gas-insulated-switchgear","tag-gis","tag-humidity","tag-sulfur-hexafluoride","tag-transmission-distribution"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Humidity in SF6 Gas: Dangers, Measuring Humidity, and More - WIKA Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Change: Humidity in SF6 gas can decrease its insulation strength, promote corrosion, and cause failures.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog-stage.wika.cloudpowered.services\/us\/products\/sf6-products\/water-impurity-sf6-gas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Humidity in SF6 Gas: Dangers, Measuring Humidity, and More - WIKA Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Change: Humidity in SF6 gas can decrease its insulation strength, promote corrosion, and cause failures.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blog-stage.wika.cloudpowered.services\/us\/products\/sf6-products\/water-impurity-sf6-gas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"WIKA blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blog-stage.wika.cloudpowered.services\/us\/files\/2018\/04\/water-the-most-powerful-impurity-in-sf6-gas-insulated-switchgear_resized.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"838\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"471\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Leo Lopez\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Leo Lopez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog-stage.wika.cloudpowered.services\\\/us\\\/products\\\/sf6-products\\\/water-impurity-sf6-gas\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog-stage.wika.cloudpowered.services\\\/us\\\/products\\\/sf6-products\\\/water-impurity-sf6-gas\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Leo Lopez\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog-stage.wika.cloudpowered.services\\\/us\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2a70a7718e6bfe7c6052a7702d4057c5\"},\"headline\":\"How Humidity Affects a SF6 Gas-Insulated Switchgear\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-04-17T16:33:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-03T14:45:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog-stage.wika.cloudpowered.services\\\/us\\\/products\\\/sf6-products\\\/water-impurity-sf6-gas\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":699,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog-stage.wika.cloudpowered.services\\\/us\\\/products\\\/sf6-products\\\/water-impurity-sf6-gas\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog-stage.wika.cloudpowered.services\\\/us\\\/files\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/water-the-most-powerful-impurity-in-sf6-gas-insulated-switchgear_resized.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Corrosion\",\"electrical transmission and distribution\",\"gas-insulated switchgear\",\"GIS\",\"humidity\",\"sulfur hexafluoride\",\"Transmission &amp; 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I find it fascinating when we accomplish many tasks such as market penetration for our SF6 handling equipment and SF6 transmitters. 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